What is the difference between socrates plato and aristotle

From this chapter, we get that when an individual is asked to die for Christ, he or she is also asked to die for Socrates and the Maccabees. There were Christians who are known for being martyrs who were intentionally portrayed as being like Socrates. From this chapter, we learn that the connection between Christian and pagan martyrs happen to be problematic.

Plato was a philosopher and also an instructor in ancient Greece. Plato was the most important writer and thinker in the history of Western culture. Plato had an ambition of becoming a politician, his goals were crushed when Socrates was sentenced to death in B.

Early Years. First and foremost, the essay will discuss his philosophy regarding human traits such as human wisdom, an excellent speaker, death and unexamined life. The above Socrates ideas are significant in human lives, and therefore I will explain my opinion relating to them.

In the climax, the response paper will discuss how these ideas and teachings have affected the world at large, having read the book. Forcing them to think differently, to question things, pushing his strange ideas upon them. This was the considered to be the main reason for his trial, but in truth the assembly just wanted to rid society of Socrates, he was considered a threat for Athenes. Thanks to his ideals, the youths of Athens realised how Athenian democracy was lacking and how weak it was.

Methods of Rationalism by Plato and Descartes Philosophy has had an impact on mankind for thousands of years. This topic attempts to answer questions about the everyday world, and how things are the way they are. In Philosophy, there are many different topics that are discussed. In other fields of study, such as medicine and geology, Aristotle brought new ideas and observations, and though many of his ideas were later discarded, they served to open lines of inquiry for others to explore.

Plato felt that the individual should subsume his or her interests to that of society in order to achieve a perfect from of government. His Republic described a utopian society where each of the three classes philosophers, warriors, and workers had its role, and governance was kept in the hands of those deemed best qualified for that responsibility, those of the "Philosopher Rulers.

Aristotle saw the basic political unit as the city polis , which took precedence over the family, which in turn took precedence over the individual. Aristotle said that man was a political animal by nature and thus could not avoid the challenges of politics. In his view, politics functions more as an organism than as a machine, and the role of the polis was not justice or economic stability, but to create a space where its people could live a good life and perform beautiful acts.

Although eschewing a utopian solution or large-scale constructs such as nations or empires , Aristotle moved beyond political theory to become the first political scientist, observing political processes in order to formulate improvements. Though Plato and Aristotle have become directly linked to philosophy and the height of Greek culture, their works are studied less now, and much of what they stated has been either discarded or set aside in favor of new information and theories.

For an example of theory espoused by Aristotle and Plato that is no longer considered valid, watch the video below regarding Plato and Aristotle's opinions on slavery.

To many historians and scientists, Aristotle was an obstacle to scientific progress because his works were deemed so complete that no one challenged them. The adherence to using Aristotle as "the final word" on many subjects curtailed true observation and experimentation, a fault that lies not with Aristotle, but with the use of his works.

Among Islamic scholars, Aristotle is "the First Teacher," and many of his recovered works may have been lost if not for Arabic translations of the original Greek treatises. It may be that Plato and Aristotle are now more starting points on analytical paths than endpoints; however, many continue to read their works even today. Plato was born around B. His father was Ariston , descended from kings in Athens and Messenia, and his mother, Perictione, was related to the great Greek statesman, Solon.

Plato was given the name Aristocles, a family name, and adopted Plato meaning "broad" and "strong" later when he was a wrestler. As was typical of upper middle-class families of the time, Plato was educated by tutors, exploring a wide range of topics centered largely on philosophy, what would now be called ethics.

He became a student of Socrates, but his studies with the Greek master were interrupted by the Peloponnesian War , which pit Athens against Sparta. Plato fought as a soldier between and B. He left Athens when the city was defeated and its democracy was replaced by a Spartan oligarchy. He considered returning to Athens to pursue a career in politics when the oligarchy was overthrown, but the execution of Socrates in B. For over 12 years, Plato traveled throughout the Mediterranean region and Egypt studying mathematics, geometry, astronomy, and religion.

In about B. He would preside over it until his death around B. Aristotle, whose name means "the best purpose," was born in B. His father was Nicomachus , the court physician to the Macedonian royal family. Tutored privately as all aristocratic children were, Aristotle trained first in medicine.

Considered to be a brilliant student, in B. He stayed at Plato's Academy until about B. Although his time at the academy was productive, Aristotle opposed some of Plato's teachings and may have challenged the Master openly. When Plato died, Aristotle was not appointed head of the academy, so he left to pursue his own studies.

In those years, philosophical thinking showed the potential for artistic, scientific and political endeavors that could be more complex and intricate due to the striving of ideals promoted by philosophy. The disparate yet reactionary nature of each of these thinkers distinguishes them and causes them to be accepted as a continuum of philosophical schools of thought. Their rhetorical soundness and their implicit encouragement of original thought, which Plato originally set out to do when rejecting sophistry, heightened their importance.

If you believe that there is order in the universe, that nature has laws, you believe in ideas! Ideas are available to us through thought, while phenomena are available to us through our senses.

So, naturally, thought is a vastly superior means to get to the truth. This is what makes Plato a rationalist, as opposed to an empiricist, in epistemology. Senses can only give you information about the ever-changing and imperfect world of phenomena, and so can only provide you with implications about ultimate reality, not reality itself.

Reason goes straight to the idea. According to Plato, the phenomenal world strives to become ideal, perfect, complete. Ideals are, in that sense, a motivating force. In fact, he identifies the ideal with God and perfect goodness. If the world is not perfect, it is not because of God or the ideals, but because the raw materials were not perfect.

I think you can see why the early Christian church made Plato an honorary Christian, even though he died three and a half centuries before Christ! The soul includes reason, of course, as well as self-awareness and moral sense. Plato says the soul will always choose to do good, if it recognizes what is good. This is a similar conception of good and bad as the Buddhists have: Rather than bad being sin, it is considered a matter of ignorance. So, someone who does something bad requires education, not punishment.

The soul is drawn to the good, the ideal, and so is drawn to God. We gradually move closer and closer to God through reincarnation as well as in our individual lives. Our ethical goal in life is resemblance to God, to come closer to the pure world of ideas and ideal, to liberate ourselves from matter, time, and space, and to become more real in this deeper sense.

Our goal is, in other words, self-realization. Plato talks about three levels of pleasure. First is sensual or physical pleasure, of which sex is a great example. But the highest level is ideal pleasure, the pleasures of the mind.

Here the example would be Platonic love, intellectual love for another person unsullied by physical involvement. Paralleling these three levels of pleasure are three souls.

We have one soul called appetite, which is mortal and comes from the gut. The second soul is called spirit or courage. It is also mortal, and lives in the heart. The third soul is reason. It is immortal and resides in the brain. The three are strung together by the cerebrospinal canal. Plato is fond of analogies. Appetite, he says, is like a wild horse, very powerful, but likes to go its own way. Spirit is like a thoroughbred, refined, well trained, directed power.

And reason is the charioteer, goal-directed, steering both horses according to his will. In The Republic , he designs through Socrates a society in order to discover the meaning of justice. They till the soil and produce goods, i. The warriors represent the spirit and courage of the society. And the philosopher kings guide the society, as reason guides our lives.